Manila, Philippines – Journalists warn the brand new administration of Philippine President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr is ready to take the identical arduous line towards media critics as his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte, after assaults on press freedom grew through the transition of presidential energy.
In June, greater than two dozen websites had been blocked and accused of getting hyperlinks to “Communist-Terrorist Teams”. Two media organisations had been amongst these focused by the Nationwide Telecommunications Fee (NTC) – impartial information web site Pinoy Weekly, and Bulatlat, the nation’s longest-running on-line publication.
The identical month, the Securities and Trade Fee (SEC) upheld its ruling to revoke the working licence of Rappler, the Philippines’ hottest information web site.
Duterte’s Nationwide Safety Adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr cited resolutions from the Anti-Terror Council that designate the Communist Occasion of the Philippines as “terrorists” to crack down on the websites.
However Ronalyn Olea, secretary-general of the Nationwide Union of Journalists of the Philippines and the managing editor of Bulatlat, says the publication has no such hyperlinks.
“This has nothing to do with Bulatlat,” Olea advised Al Jazeera. “He’s simply attempting to censor our organisation as a result of we’re telling the reality about authorities.”
This month, Bulatlat gained a preliminary injunction towards the order and the NTC was advised to cease blocking the positioning.
“Below Duterte, press freedom was systematically attacked as punishment to these the regime didn’t like and as a warning to others. There are not any indicators this coverage will change with the brand new administration,” mentioned Luis V Teodoro, veteran journalist and Heart for Media Freedom and Duty (CMFR) trustee.
In direction of the top of his time period, Duterte admitted to shutting down ABS-CBN, the Philippines’ largest broadcaster, due to its unfavourable protection of his administration. Rappler, which was based by veteran journalist Maria Ressa, is going through a lot of court docket circumstances, as does Ressa herself.
The Nobel Peace Prize laureate was discovered responsible of “cyber-libel” final 12 months in a call that was seen as a blow to press freedom. A better court docket upheld that verdict final month.
![Rappler founder and journalist Maria Ressa working at her desk in the Rappler office in Manila](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/000_32EB6MF.jpg?w=770&resize=770%2C512)
Rappler’s Govt Editor Glenda Gloria says the web site’s employees had “survived” the six years of Duterte, and remained “hopeful that the circumstances towards us will ultimately be dismissed. A major chunk of Philippine society is aware of the worth of impartial media.”
Since 2018, Bulatlat has been the goal of distributed denial of service assaults (DDoS) throughout which hackers attempt to crash a web site by overloading its servers. The final incident occurred in Could 2021.
An investigation by Swedish digital forensics group Qurium Media Basis discovered that the IP addresses of the hackers belonged to the Philippine Military, with infrastructure arrange by the Division of Science and Expertise. In September 2021, the Division of Info and Communications corroborated Qurium’s findings. The military has denied any wrongdoing, saying it was solely visiting the information websites.
Vloggers within the palace
When Bulatlat was blocked, Qurium helped arrange a mirror web site replicating all of Bulatlat’s content material on a special URL.
The location’s attorneys gained an injunction towards the NTC after arguing that no regulation within the Philippines permits for the state to provoke an internet takedown.
In line with the court docket’s resolution, the ruling takes impact as soon as Bulatlat comes up with a money bond of 100,000 Philippine pesos ($1,787) “which is able to reply for the damages the defendants (NTC) would undergo because of the injunction ought to it’s confirmed that the information outlet will not be entitled to it”.
Olea hopes the current win might be upheld and ultimately set a precedent for different media retailers beneath stress.
She attributed the choice to “the assist from fellow journalists, readers and numerous organisations,” however conceded that the political local weather within the nation stays geared in direction of “state-sponsored censorship”.
Amid the challenges confronted by impartial media, Marcos Jr’s authorities is looking for to advertise a brand new sort of media, one which closely supported it through the elections: vloggers.
Lately, video content material creators have emerged as a serious political pressure in shaping public opinion within the Philippines. Teodoro says some vloggers – even with out formal coaching – adhere to journalistic requirements by “reporting what’s truly occurring,” however warns many others are simply “spreaders of disinformation”.
![The newsroom at ABS-CBN on the day the broadcaster was forcibly closed](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2020-05-06T000000Z_293677283_RC2YIG9BD58O_RTRMADP_3_PHILIPPINES-MEDIA-BROADCASTER.jpg?w=770&resize=770%2C513)
In one in every of her first bulletins as presidential press secretary, Trixie Cruz-Angeles mentioned the brand new administration supposed to permit vloggers to report from the presidential palace. Cruz-Angeles mentioned the transfer was a part of “opening up discourse and taking a look at problems with misinformation”.
However whereas the transfer would possibly counsel a democratisation of the circulate of knowledge, Olea is sceptical. “We would like larger entry for the general public. However lots of the vloggers we noticed through the election solely flooded the web with lies,” she mentioned.
She referred to as the federal government’s transfer a “two-pronged method. On the one hand, they discredit official sources of knowledge. On the opposite, they open the door for trolls. The target is to drown the general public with lies and for his or her narratives to reign supreme.”
Cruz-Angeles, who herself made her title by means of social media, advised reporters final month that the variety of followers and engagements might be a consider figuring out which vloggers are allowed into press briefings with the president. Her workplace says the ultimate pointers for vlogger accreditation are nonetheless being drafted.
“Followers doesn’t imply a lot. It doesn’t have something to do with truth-telling. The query is, which vloggers will they accredit, those that have been telling the reality or those that unfold disinformation?” requested Teodoro.
Concurrently the administration considers accreditation for vloggers, it’s nonetheless deciding whether or not skilled journalists might be welcome.
Duterte banned two Rappler reporters from the presidential palace in 2018. Marcos Jr’s crew has nonetheless to substantiate whether or not they are going to be allowed again.
“We’ll have to try the prevailing coverage first and decide then decide later as to how acceptable they’re for the present instances. We’ll have to attend and see.”
Influencer Cocky Rocky, who has a background as a instructor of classical arts and literature, backs the brand new administration’s plans to ask vloggers to the palace press briefings.
His profession in content material creation took off through the Duterte presidency – first with memes after which movies.
![Demonstrations in the Philippines calling for the defence of press freedom](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Phils-press-freedom.webp?w=770&resize=770%2C513)
The self-described “Marcos loyalist” saw his popularity explode during the 2022 election campaign when he posted a video on TikTok attacking Leni Robredo, Marcos Jr’s opponent.
“I know I translate well on video and I have a theatre background. So I dressed up with my hat and put on a costume. I made an Anti-Leni Robredo ad. It was fun,“ he said.
In addition to his TikTok fame, Rocky manages multiple pages and accounts on platforms such as Facebook.
Like many of the new president’s supporters, he claims that established media are deliberately publishing slanted reports, which heighten distrust.
“We have a preconceived bias that you will be unfair and rude,” he said.
Rocky insists the legal cases have not prevented professional journalists, including newspapers such as the Inquirer and PhilStar, from reporting.
But he says it is unlikely he will join them at the presidential palace.
“I am a propagandist, I’m not a news person,” he told Al Jazeera. “I can do it, but it turns me off.”
In the meantime, regardless of closure orders, Rappler stays unbowed; its reporters overlaying key points from politics to well being.
The group has requested the Court docket of Appeals to reverse the SEC resolution and is ready to take its case to the nation’s highest court docket if obligatory.
“We see an extended authorized battle forward,” Gloria advised Al Jazeera. She factors to the web site’s repute for offering journalism that may be a “fixed supply of assist within the darkest of instances. We’re right here for the lengthy haul.”